Military Service Should Be Mandatory Essay - 904 Words

Most people have, at one point or another, considered what they were going to do with their lives. Whether a person would like to become an activist, an artisan or a business professional, the military has something for everyone. Finding a path in life is often filled with uncertainty and procrastination. The United States military is a path in itself, should one wish to retire from it; however, should a person wish to make their own path, there are benefits for that as well that can remove all doubt and curb procrastination. Due to these many benefits, I believe that it should be mandatory for all adults to enlist for a minimum of twenty-four months. In the first twelve months, a person can expect to receive, after possibly paying a†¦show more content†¦This training will also prepare the adult for employment in the civilian world. It can also place them well on their way to a college degree in a field related to what their job in the military is/was. If the individual desires to make a career change, one can also use many of those credits as elective credits. No matter what the situation, the military training and college credits will not go to waste! In the military, a person will also be able to learn valuable leadership skills. Coupled with training, an individual can take those leadership skills and become significantly more marketable to civilian employers. In fact, there are places that will hire people just by virtue of them being a veteran, in general, as long as they are discharged and/or retired, honorably! As a veteran, the veteran will receive an automatic five to ten point increase, also known as â€Å"Preference Points,† for many of the tests or exams that are required for federal government jobs that they may consider for employment (USA Jobs). Left to their own devices, many people slack off by procrastinating and taking employment with jobs that have no advancement opportunities. This could be due to their having a lack of skill, not enough education or, simply, no desire for financial or career success. The military nips such notions in the bud by providing career and educational counseling. By gaining and using newfound skills, many are encouraged to succeed and gain determination,Show MoreRelatedShould Military Service Be Mandatory?1426 Words   |  6 PagesShould Military Service be Mandatory in the United States? In the world today, there is approximately fifty percent of countries that mandate their citizens to serve in their military for an extended period of time. Those countries that do require their citizens to serve base it on the simple fact that they need to be ready for war at a moments notice and if all their citizens know how to fight they will succeed in any battle in which they are placed. Israel, Brazil, South Korea, Mexico, GermanyRead MoreEssay on Military Service Should be Mandatory822 Words   |  4 PagesMilitary Service Should be Mandatory Americans, especially baby boomers, should be ashamed of themselves. How can the worlds richest population let its military go begging for recruits? Each year, the military services -- Air Force, Army, Marines, Navy -- establish recruiting goals to maintain adequate numbers of personnel. The numbers change annually depending on, among other factors, service needs, recruitment figures the year before and retention of current troops. Most informed folksRead MoreMilitary Service Should Be Mandatory For All American Citizens950 Words   |  4 PagesMandatory Military Service Military service should be mandatory for all American citizens. In lighter terms we could refer to it as the All American Selective Service Act, which will require all Americans to register for Selective Service as equal partners in the defense of America (Rangel). The average person, at one point or another, considers what they are going to do with their lives. The military has something to offer everyone. Deciding what to do with your life can be filled with uncertaintyRead MoreMilitary Service Should Not Be Mandatory For Everyone Starting At Age 181076 Words   |  5 Pagespublic of military service should not be mandatory for everyone starting at age 18. I’m an international student from South Korea and military service is required for all males aged 18 or over. Most of my friends who are over 18 have already finished the military service and some are still training in the army. In South Korea, most of people, including me, think two years of military service is useless. There are three reasons why it is a good-for-nothing. My first reason for denying military serviceRead MoreMilitary Should Be Mandatory Essay1137 Words   |  5 Pages In current times, roughly 99.5% of American citizens don’t serve in the military in their lifetime. But is something that needs to be changed by force? Some people could argue that service in the United States military should be mandatory for everyone–in reality, though, that is an impossible and overall disastrous idea. Military service is something that only some people can do–not all people can deal with the lasting effects of war, including many mental illnesses and Post-Traumatic Stress DisorderRead MorePros And Cons Of Mandatory Military Service735 Words   |  3 Pages The military force of the United States is here to protect the country and the people in the United States. Many countries overseas have mandatory military service that a person must do. The countries do this to build their military and to keep their military strong. Even though these countries do like to keep their military strong, the men and women in the military may not be completely loyal to his or her country. In the United States the men and women that are not loyal to their country mayRead MoreUnited States Adopt A Similar Type Of Policy Of Mandatory Conscription1578 Words   |  7 Pagespeople to serve two years of military service, and as we continue to have military conflicts across the world, some people have proposed that the united states adopt a similar type of policy of mandatory conscription. I believe that a two-year period of national service should be obligatory for all 18 year olds. It’ll help strengthen the character of youth, and will help increase the collective conscience of a nation and the restraint of leaders when considering military action. As we have 18 yearRead MoreMandatory Military Conscription and Its Effect on Society Essay1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthey have made their own conscience decision to serve. However these men and women only make up a small percentage of the United States population. Should all men and women be required to serve in the U.S. armed forces when they graduate from high school or should the United States require mandatory military service? Mandatory military service, or conscription, may be as old as mankind itself. Conscription says that during a time of war all able bodied men and women must serve to defend theirRead MoreReinstating the Military Draft Essay863 Words   |  4 Pagesforces have seen a decline in enlistments, which has reignited and old debate. Should we reinstate the Military Draft? This one question has sparked a debate nationwide, between friends, family, and even perfect strangers. Reinstating the draft is just one way to ensure people can continue to enjoy those freedoms the armed forces have fought for over the years. With all the controversy surrounding mandatory military service, past and recent incidents have shown a greater need to protect ourselves fromRead MoreEssay about Our America: Your Duty1516 Words   |  7 Pagespoor that serve in the Federal Service; service guarantees citizenship. This is a short period in which a person serves in the military. A universal service that requires young (Americans) citizen, men and females: healthy and the disable, to obligatory serve an allotment of time. Basically, you have to earn the right to be called a citizen; this sounds like a good idea. Civilians do not have same rights as a Citizen; they choose not to serve in the Federal Service. If a person does not serve, he

Comparison contrast essay on the perspectives of Neil...

Topic: Comparison-contrast essay on the perspectives of Neil Postman and Thomas Friedman on technology and education Final Draft Thomas Friedman and Neil Postman both have strong beliefs as it pertains to technology and education. However each of their respective opinions contains minimal similarities and a vast amount of differences. Friedman and Postman both recognize that incorporating technology into the learning process is beneficial to students. However the volume in which these resources are used is where their ideas conflict. Friedman views the use of technology as the future of educating the masses at an affordable rate. While Postman argues that the overuse of the technological factor is detrimental to other†¦show more content†¦In turn this can create more interesting discussions and the ability to recognize the perspectives of people from different demographics. An extremely hopeful Friedman sees MOOCs as the future of global online higher education. Friedman believes that MOOCs can help lift people out of poverty â€Å"by providing them affordable education to get a job or obtain a better job than the one they currently have† (Friedman). Due to its affordability and certifications that people will be able to obtain from MOOCs, it is not hard to see why MOOCs will potentially increase in popularity and growth. Thomas Friedman had an interview with the â€Å"National Education Writers Association†. In the interview he illustrated the â€Å"risk to potential reward† in students paying hundreds of thousands of dollars for a four year degree and the potential return that students hope to see in their investment. He used Google and Caterpillar as examples of companies that are not satisfied with potential employee candidates that only obtained a four year college degree. Then argued that obtaining a degree and certifications through MOOCs financially makes more sense due to its convenience and cost. Friedman is passionate that this is only the beginning and MOOCs is the beginning of a new educational revolution. While Friedman is a strong advo cate and firmly believes in the use of technology for education for many reasons, Neil Postman presents a different opinion on the matter. NeilShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture

The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll Free Essays

The Beatles are one of the most innovative rock bands of all time. They have not only changed the way rock and roll is looked at, but also the way that the music is recorded. They have influenced the artists of the 60s and the 70s, and also many generations later and to come. We will write a custom essay sample on The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll or any similar topic only for you Order Now Originating from Liverpool, England, the Beatles, or the Fab Four, consists of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. Topping the charts in ’63 with â€Å"Love Me Do,† and bringing in the highest rated viewing in history while performing on the Ed Sullivan Show, the Beatles are definitely a band that broke the sound barrier of rock and roll. They used unique sounds in their music and weren’t afraid of experimenting in the studio, they even welcomed accidental occurrences and toyed around to get the sound they were looking for. Artificial double tracking was invented during the recording of their album Revolver and also a new technique on miking strings. They paved the way for other British Bands in America and even had full-blown imitators, like the Monkees, that copied everything from their look, to the spelling error in their name, and their campaign. They also helped create a whole new genre of music called folk rock. Their influence is still seen in today’s musicians, such as the band Oasis, who compare their music constantly to the Beatles. The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll â€Å"The impact of the Beatles – not only on rock and roll but on Western culture – is simply incalculable. As musicians, they proved that rock and roll could embrace a limitless variety of harmonies, structures and sounds; virtually every rock experiment has some precedent on Beatles records. † Said by the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll, could not be any more wrong. The Beatles had a huge impact on not just rock and roll, but music as a whole, as well as influencing the technology used to record their music. They weren’t afraid of experimenting and instead of producing music they produced art. Their influence is seen all over the world, but no one has come close to the fame that was Beatlemania. The Beatles originated from Liverpool, England and consists of Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr. They first started playing shows in Hamburg, Germany as a skiffle band in 1960. In 1962 they released their first single â€Å"Love Me Do,† which reached the number one spot on U. S. charts in May of ’63. Their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show in February of ’64 brought in over 73 million viewers, the most in U. S. history. By April 1964, they held the first five places in the Billboard Hot 100. The Beatles were one of the biggest influences on music during the 60s and 70s. Their music, to this day, remains more widely known than any other music of the rock era. They have brought new sounds and ideas in their music and revolutionized the idea of rock and roll. Their work was always invested with originality, using unique sounds in their music, which is most dramatically seen in Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. They used many studio effects on this album, including reverberation, echoes, and reverse tape effects. They experimented with sounds that no other bands used, and had great success with it. They created their own material, breaking the Tin Pan monopoly of song writing, setting in motion revolutionary changes in the music publishing industry. They wrote songs for fellow artists and even encouraged the Rolling Stones to write their own music. The Beatles were the first group to use the recording studio as a writing tool, building up complex song arrangements by multi-tracking and importing orchestral textures and avant-garde effects under the guidance of producer George Martin† (Glassman). In Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band, instead of using traditional breaks in between songs, one tracked merged into the next, which were linked by studio talk, laughter, electronic noises, and animal sounds. They also used audio tricks involving steam organs, orchestras, sitars, and even a pack of foxhounds in full cry at the end of â€Å"Good Morning, Good Morning. The use of animal sounds were actually first used in the Beach Boys album Pet Sounds that the Beatles admired. When asked the Beach Boys where they got their innovation for Pet Sounds, the Beatles Rubber Soul album was what inspired them. â€Å"A Day In The Life,† the last song on the album, featured â€Å"what Lennon described as ‘a sound building up from nothing to the end of the world’† (Lazarescu). The song â€Å"Strawberry Fields Forever† fused two different versions of the same song and used reverse-tape cellos for an eerie effect. After George Harrison used sitar on the song â€Å"Norwegian Wood,† other bands like the Byrds, Yardbirds, and the Rolling Stones, soon followed incorporating Eastern-influence sounds into their work. Paul McCartney once said, â€Å"We would say, ‘Try it! Just try it for us. If it sounds crappy, OK, we’ll lose it. But it might just sound good. ’ We were always pushing ahead: Louder, further, longer, more different† (â€Å"All About Jazz†). The Beatles had complete access to Abbey Road studios free of charge, spending hours upon hours experimenting and writing music. They used the studio as an instrument in itself. They were the first band to push musical and technological boundaries. They took advantage of accidental occurrences in the recording process. You can see this in â€Å"I Feel Fine† where there is feedback and also in â€Å"Long, Long, Long† where there is a resonating glass bottle. They also deliberately toyed with situations and techniques that would further chance effects. An example of this is in â€Å"I am the Walrus,† where they used a live mixing of a UK radio broadcast into the fade of the song, and also the chaotic assemblage of â€Å"Tomorrow Never Knows. Ken Townsend invented artificial double tracking (ADT) during the recording of Revolver because Lennon didn’t like singing a song twice. ADT is still widely used for instruments and voices; however, it is now mostly known as automatic double tracking. Other influences the Beatles had on technology were the use of close miking the strings by engin eer Geoff Emerick when recording. In 1966 that was a radically new way of miking strings, and now it is common practice. The Beatles were also the firsts to use direct injection to record McCartney’s bass on Sgt. Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band. This is done by connecting the bass to the recording console via an impedance matching DI box. The Beatles paved the way for other British bands in America. The Beatles were the first British group to break into America and since the Beatles were able to have fame in the US, they gave other British bands the possibility of making it in America. Such bands were Gerry and the Pacemakers, Billy J. Kramer and the Dakotas, and the Searchers, who were all also managed by Brian Epstein. Other British bands that followed the Beatles were the Rolling Stones, the Who, and the Yardbirds. The Rolling Stones had a raunchier dirty bad boy look, different then the clean-cut look of the Beatles. As the 1970s began, you can see the Beatles influence in artists like Elton John and Pink Floyd. In America, the most blatant imitators of the Beatles were the Monkees, who even calculatedly misspelled the name just like the Beatles. The Monkees were four actors portraying longhaired whimsical musicians; however, their music was actually performed by studio musicians. They copied the Beatles to a tee, including their campaign. Before the Beatles came to the US, their manager Brian Epstein had Capital Records spend $50,000 on a campaign, plastering posters all over the country stating, â€Å"The Beatles Are Coming,† and gave disc jockeys records of interviews with the Beatles to feel like they were actually making personalized interviews. For the Monkees, â€Å"The band’s label spent $100,000 on an ad campaign that involved seventy-six advance men, who distributed thousands of posters proclaiming ‘The Monkees Are Coming’ and provided preview records to 6,000 disc jockeys† (Szatmary 125). After the assassination of President John Kennedy, the whole country was at a low point and the Beatles brought them back to happier times, especially the folk artists. A lot of folk artists felt like the protest was over after Kennedy was killed. Kennedy was making a change in the country, but after his death, they felt like there was no more fight left in them. Bob Dylan, one of the major folk musicians of the era, just gave it all away and went towards the more electrified sounds of the Beatles. Gene Clark, who at the time was part of the folk group the New Christy Minstrels, was on tour when he first heard the Beatles song â€Å"She Loves You. † â€Å"I must have played it 40 times in the two days the New Christy Minstrels were playing that town,’ he later enthused. ‘I knew, I knew that this was the future† (Szatmary 140). Gene Clark later quit the New Christy Minstrels and formed his own band with Roger McGuinn and a few other former folk musicians. They called themselves the Byrds, misspelling it to emulate the spelling error in the Beatles. They combined Dylanese folk, vocal harmonies and Beatles music to create folk rock. Other folk bands that switched to folk rock were the Turtles, Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel, and Scotland’s folk singer Donovan Leitch, which Paul McCartney was featured singing with him on his song â€Å"Mellow Yellow. † One other band was Lovin’ Spoonful who owed their debt to Dylan and none other than the Beatles. When new wave and punk music started in the late 1970s, their sound and style could still be heard in artists like the Squeeze, the Police, and Elvis Costello. Their music has spoken not only to its own time but to every generation since† (Campbell, Brody 168). In the late 1980s a new style of music called â€Å"baggy† originated from Manchester. The musical devotees sported Bealte-esque haircuts and drew heavily on the 1960s. They fused Beatles psychedelic with electronic elements taken from the simultaneously developing acid house scene. You can see the Beatles influence in the guitar style and song arrangements of the Stone Roses, guitarist John Squire cited them as one of his main influences. The mid 90s saw a whole new host of Beatles influenced bands. The band Cast, which was formed by guitarist John Powers in 1994, has Lennon-esque vocals and memorable songs, which are still reaping the rewards. In 1995 a Liverpool band called the Boo Radleys had both the Beatles pop and psychedelic styles. Songwriter/guitarist Martin Carr told Melody Maker in 1994 that, â€Å"There’s never been a time when they haven’t been a part of my life† (Glassman). The Gallagher brothers, who formed the group Oasis, lived and breathed the Beatles. They even named dropped the Beatles whenever they could in interviews. They would write their own melodies and then arrange them in a Bealte-esque style, but with a rocky, attitude-dowsed edge. â€Å"It’s beyond an obsession. It’s an ideal for living. I don’t even know how to justify it to myself. With every song that I write, I compare it to The Beatles,’ Noel Gallagher told Q in 1996† (Glassman). Of the eight years that were the Beatles, no band has received more attention from fans, musicians, and scholars. Their music tells us more about the sixties than any other band. Their influence is seen in music and even the technology used to record music. From their first album Please Please Me (1963) all the way to their last album Hey Jude (1970), no band has seen such a diverse selection of songs, going from retro one minute to folk-influenced the next. With their use of experimentation, they have opened a whole new door to the way rock is heard, converting even folk musicians, like the Byrds, to their style of music. You can still hear their inspiration in music even in today’s bands such as Oasis. Yet no one has seemed to copy the sound that was the Beatles. How to cite The Beatles Influence on Rock-and-Roll, Papers

Effects of 4.0 Operations Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss how Industry 4.0 affects Operations Management. Answer: Revolution of Industry It was in practice since long that the manufacture of food, goods and cloth was introduced by hand. But in 19th century, changes were discovered in the manufacturing process and revolution took place. Introduction of Industry 1.0 Industry 4.0 In late 1800s, machines based on water and stem were used in order to help the workers. When the capabilities of the production raised up, business started growing from personal cottage owners to managers of the organization taking care of employees and managing customers as well. In 20th century, the major source of power was electricity because it was easy to use instead of water which helped business to run machines under the industry revolution 2.0. Machines were portable having their own source of power. The efficiency and effectiveness in the manufacturing process increased which included productivity, labor divisions and mass production (Crandall, 2017). In the last few decades of 20th century i.e. Industry 3.0, electronic devices were introduced such as transistor, integrated circuit chips which made the automation in the machines and replaced the management operators. Several planning tools were established that helped many countries to reduce the cost of labor and formalize the supply chain management. Industry 4.0 is commonly used term which denotes developmental process that is involved while manufacturing any goods or services. This is also commonly known as fourth Industrial revolution. It was first introduced in the year 2011 named as Industrie 4.0 where many representatives were involved. This industry revolution is taken in order to improve the competition in the manufacturing industry in Germany. The government of Germany has given rise to this strategy to be implemented in 2010 (Gandhi, 2015). The key Characteristics of this revolution is mentioned below. This revolution will basically aim at focusing on the designing principles and knowing the pros and cons of the approach. The initiative is taken by the government of Germany to enhance traditional industry by involving product engineering, internet services and cyber physical terms into it. Cyber physical system is defined as a tool which is used to add computer and mechanical technologies together known as mechatronics. It also aims at focusing on the technologies which are used in production process such as web designing and artificial intelligence. Apart from Germany, this revolution is named as Industrial internet in other countries (Marr, 2016). For an example, this revolution has taken initiatives to identify how Google Car actually works. Google Car is a driverless cars which was introduced in 2004 in Mars and is still in use. Similarly, Mars Rover is also a device which is autonomous in nature and control centers usually manages it. Rovers cannot easily be piloted with the help of normal remote controlling system because it takes a lot of time to transfer a signal from Earth to Mars. These two innovations are working successfully in Mars (Martin, 2017). Cyber Security System The concept of cyber system generally uses artificial intelligence along with sensors that helps to drive the entire system. It aims at enhancing the productivity of the production chain and knowing its work flow. The objects involved in this system is majorly the part of the production process. This is also commonly named as Smart Factory which is made of the combination of logistics, manmade machines and interaction between machines and machines. It also aims at representing the 3D techniques in the industries which enhances the process. One of the major advantage of this system is that it reduces the chances of damages and unusual accidents that take place in the production department because it helps to detect the problems and risk involved in it on the right time. The concept of cyber system is similar to self-healing systems which is widely used in IT sector. The industry revolution is introduced to manage the production process on the Meta level and products on the instance le vel (Hudson, 2014). For an example, the production process involves the creation of 3D replicator and the products for it are 3D replicators. Internet of things Internet of things is the second technology innate in the revolution. The significant logic involved is that all the devices can easily be interconnected with each other via internet. The interconnected devices can communicate with each other (Hinks, 2015). Operation management This revolution has aimed also aimed at providing the technical assistance to the industry in the operation management by making the complex decisions into simpler forms and reducing the unnecessary risks. Moreover, it has provided transparency in the production process with 3D effects and aiming at reducing accidents and mishappenings. The managers in the industry are able to take more decentralized decisions which help them to increase the productivity with more effectiveness and efficiency. The revolution plays a major role in the industry process because it has provided help and support in the overall production of the products with multitude of reasons. Likewise, it has aimed at enabling sustainable prosperity, putting human efforts into the center of production and increasing challenges for the manufacturers. The basic design principles followed by this revolution are Interoperability, Virtualization, Decentralization, Real time Capacity, Modularity and Service Orientation. How operations management has been affected by the revolution Nevertheless, there are lots of difficulties to be faced to achieve this revolution. The major problem involves security and the capability to manage the quantity of the data. Security of the system is one of the significant factor that must be taken into highest priority. It has majorly two aspects involved i.e. the reliability of the embedded software and protection from hacking. For an instance, one can imagine the main reason behind the failure of the driverless cars which is running at the speed of 130km/hr. The reason behind the attack is the lack of operation management. It becomes very difficult for the operation management to tackle huge number of bulky data. Using new technologies and several innovative cycle to control the large volume is hard. But the problem can easily be solved by the proper implementation of the revolution (Scalabre, 2018). Other issues examined under this revolution include the standardization of protocols i.e. rules and regulations and interfaces. There are millions of protocols that must be considered and followed to perform all the operations. Minor mistakes may lead to serious accidents (IScoop, 2016). Another basic problem for this industry revolution is the problem of employment. The question such as Will this revolution generate jobs? Obviously not because it will destroy the number of jobs in near future because technology create innovations and reduces the number of jobs (Lasi, Fettke, Kemper, Feld Hoffmann, 2014). As a result, the community has been affected a lot due to the issues and challenges involved in the revolution. There is no solution that has been emerged but it is very necessary to address those issues. Robotic Advancement and AI The Robotic advancement in the manufacturing industry plays a major role in the current trend. It aims at focusing on the robots who perform on the industry basis and they believe in automation. The use of Robots in industry is increasing at pace and has aimed at losses in jobs and employment. Artificial intelligence is also used widely which enables to perform the operation and activities of industry in simpler form. Today industry are involved in automation where they use industrial robots who minimize the manual work and also mimic the intension of actual workers. Robots in the industry are working faster and the work done are 100% reliable too (Lorencik Sincak, 2013). They perform work beyond the expectation of the human such as microscopically precise assembly. Robots are programmed and they are instructed to do all the task as per the guidelines of the industry. Likewise, AI has also aimed at cutting the manual cost of the industry by developing AI algorithms and solving the c omplex decisions. They also help to showcase the sensory capabilities of the emerging trend and predicting the needs and demand of the market (Faggella, 2015). With the use of Artificial Intelligence, the industry started working smarter and planning every activities in a wider aspect. The industry today are more developed and they can easily schedule the customers patterns and then produce the goods as per the demand. The use of AI has also helped industry to avoid the unnecessary production that leads to the losses and involved of costs (Robotics, 2018). There have been drastic changes in the industry in last few years. The Increasing number of hybrid and electric cars has helped industry to use AI and robots in a wider aspect. Hybrid cars and electric cars are in trend in recent years. According to the research conducted in United States, it has been found that the sale for these cars has raised 45% in 2017 as compared to the demand in 2016. The trend of these cars will be followed because they aim at manufacturing cheaper batteries and more robust charging infrastructure which helps to cut the cost of electric cars. They basically aim at focusing on the power and drive train systems which include clutch, rear axle, propeller shaft yoke and propeller shaft. The taxes charged by government on these cars are comparable lower than those involved in diesel cars. For example, Volvo is expected to emit 30% less CO2 and save the fuel of 5-10% by adopting a hybrid long haul truck. The company has also planned to update its drive train which will decide the best time to use diesel cars and electric cars. Likewise, Tesla has built its image by selling 28000 of S model and Chevy has sold 25800 of its hybrid volts. However, Toyotas Prius Prime is known as the third highest selling electric hybrid company in 2017. Cloud on 3D Printing 3D Printing operating system is one of the worlds first operating system available for 3D printers. The manufacturer in the industry today uses this technique in order to manage the platform by fixing the necessary changes available in 3D designs to 3D printers by tracking data and analyzing it using analytical tools (Smith Anderson, 2014). With the help of 3D printer, an industry can easily search and find out the 3D designs and upload them with 100$ security as well. It also helps to store the designs and also male new designs using several applications. Several applications are used while designing such as cloud slicer and magic fix. It also helps to keep a track of all the activities and conduct auditing of those activities to assure that they are performing well or not. Moreover, 3D printers can easily be connected with 3D printersOS within one click. It do not involve any specific complications which must be addressed properly (3D printersOS, 2018). In terms of manufacturing industry, the implications of 3D printing is used in massive form. It helps to reduce the lead time that is invested in unnecessary computation. It also aims at reducing the cost such as material costs, labor cost and transportation cost (Davidson, 2015). The supply chain management and logistics department has also been benefited by the revolution. The supply chain management has been shrunk because of the cost cutting and Research and Development cycle are also involved in collaboration that helps to design networks by interconnecting with each other. Customization The goods are personalized and manufactured according to the requirements and demands. They are produced on the basis of batch size of one which helps to fulfil the demand of the customers on the highest priority. It also helps to conduct business meeting in a more formal way. The demand of the customer for any specific products are made to exacting specifications (Wright, 2017). Productivity and Quality The production line in a manufacturing company has also played a significant role in todays era. Maintaining the quality driving with the price is very difficult which is made easy with the help of AI and industrial robots. Today robots have made the work easy and introduced goods with high quality. The production line is minimized by avoiding all the additional efforts that are done by humans. Thus it can be concluded that the use of AI in the industry has provided a great assistance in terms of production, cost, advancement, quality, time and many more. Today, industry are producing more goods and they are fulfilling the demands of the customers beyond the expectation. The robots used in the industry has simplified all the complexity and difficulties that one faces while manufacturing goods and services (Tirgul Naik, 2016) References 3D printersOS. (2018). How-It-Works. Viewed on 26th February, 2018. Available on: https://www.3dprinteros.com/how-it-works/ Crandall, R. (2017). Industry 1.0 to 4.0: the Evolution of Smart Factories. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://www.apics.org/apics-for-individuals/apics-magazine-home/magazine-detail-page/2017/09/20/industry-1.0-to-4.0-the-evolution-of-smart-factories Davidson, G. (2015). 3-D Printing and the Cloud: A Natural Fit for Manufacturers. Viewed on 26th February, 2018. Available on: www.industryweek.com/emerging-technologies/3-d-printing-and-cloud-natural-fit-manufacturers Faggella, D. (2015). Global Competition Rises for AI Industrial Robotics. Viewed on 26th February, 2018. Available on: https://www.techemergence.com/global-competition-rises-ai-industrial-robotics/ Gandhi, G. (2015). Industry 4.0 fourth industrial revolution. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://blogs.sap.com/2015/06/30/industry-40-fourth-industrial-revolution/ Hinks, J. (2015). 5 things you should know about Industry 4.0. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/future-tech/5-things-you-should-know-about-industry-4-0-1289534 Hudson, P. (2014). The industrial revolution. Bloomsbury Publishing. IScoop. (2016). Industry 4.0: the fourth industrial revolution guide to Industrie 4.0. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://www.i-scoop.eu/industry-4-0/ Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H. G., Feld, T., Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239-242. Lorencik, D., Sincak, P. (2013). Cloud Robotics: Current trends and possible use as a service. In Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI), 2013 IEEE 11th International Symposium on (pp. 85-88). IEEE. Marr, B. (2016). What Everyone Must Know About Industry 4.0. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2016/06/20/what-everyone-must-know-about-industry-4-0/#2b0f4c2e795f Martin. (2017). Industry 4.0. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://www.cleverism.com/industry-4-0/ Robotics. (2018). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Your Industrial Robotics Application. Viewed on 26th February, 2018. Available on: https://www.robotics.org/blog-article.cfm/Artificial-Intelligence-and-Machine-Learning-in-Your-Industrial-Robotics-Application/83 Scalabre, O. (2018). Embracing Industry 4.0and Rediscovering Growth. Viewed on 22nd February, 2018. Available on: https://www.bcg.com/en-in/capabilities/operations/embracing-industry-4.0-rediscovering-growth.aspx Smith, A., Anderson, J. (2014). AI, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs. Pew Research Center, 6. Tirgul, C. S., Naik, M. R. (2016). Artificial Intelligence and Robotics. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Engineering Technology, 5(6), 1787-1793. Wright, I. (2017). Bringing Artificial Intelligence to Manufacturing. Viewed on 26th February, 2018. Available on: https://www.engineering.com/AdvancedManufacturing/ArticleID/15670/Bringing-Artificial-Intelligence-to-Manufacturing.aspx

American Volkswagen Budget

Introduction The budget for the IT initiatives was developed by the parent company. The branch in operation in the US had made a proposal for a total of forty projects which at estimation would require up amount to a tune of $210 million.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on American Volkswagen Budget specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was anticipated that the finances could be provided by the mother company in Germany. A mechanism was put in place and before the funds were released they had to be approved first. This approving led some of the projects dropped and probably modification made to some. The process of approving which projects were to be dropped, modified and finally funded was quite detailed and involved a number of offices and several representatives from the various project units (Austin, Ritchie Garrett, 2007). Control of Budgeting It is worth noting that the Next Round of Growth (NRG) was controlle d by executive officers and representatives from the IT departments. The NRG was required to steer the VWoA to the next level of growth hence the need for close cooperation with various departments. The presence of an IT representation in the NRG program was meant to assist in ensuring that the IT initiatives were accorded all the necessary support and that significant initiatives were not dropped unnecessarily. There was also the Program Management Office (PMO) which was meant to harmonize the projects and ensure that the prioritization was done in the correct way. This was very significant as it was a step to ensure that funds were allocated in the right way and to the right projects such that the object of the NRG program could be achieved. Another element that played a significant role on the issue of funding was the Digital Business Council (DBC). The DBC had representation from the various e-business units. In regard to who controlled the financing of the VWoA, it is clear tha t a number of people played significant roles in controlling process. All the teams that were involved had significant roles that they played in the funding process.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Who should control the Budget? I believe that a corporate budget should take into consideration all the units within the corporate body. One way of ensuring that all the units are considered carefully is to carefully make a representation of all the units in the team that will oversee the drawing of the budget. By having all the units represented in the budgetary control committee or team, it is possible to avoid overlooking aspects which may undermine the productivity of the company. It is worth noting that in times of financial constraints it will be very significance to have the representation of the various departments as it will be possible to practically come up with the lo west amount that a business unit can operate with. The department unit representative will give the lowest budget estimation under which the department or unit being represented can operate without necessarily affecting the productivity of the whole firm. I believe that such estimations are very good especially during financial hard times when reductions in budget has to be carried out. By consulting the various heads, it becomes possible for the reduction to be carried out in a manner that will not affect the business units as well as the whole company in general. Therefore, budget control should not be a reserve of the top executives but rather an activity that should be shared by the various heads of a company. Similar ideas have been proposed elsewhere (Blocher, 2005). IT Budget As pointed above, there is a need for collaboration when budgetary issues are discussed. In regard to that, it therefore will not be wise that the IT unit should have its own budget per se. The IT unit s hould make its own estimation which at all times should be in line with the company objectives but again it should be noted that these estimation should be subjected to modifications under the directions of the IT unit heads in collaboration with the head departments (Budgeting, 2011). References Austin, R. D., Ritchie, W., Garrett, G. (2007). Managing IT priorities. USA: Harvard Business School.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on American Volkswagen Budget specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Blocher, E. (2005). Cost management: a strategic emphasis. New York, NY: Prentice Hall. Budgeting. (2011). Budgeting: Planning for success. Retrieved from https://www.principlesofaccounting.com/ This report on American Volkswagen Budget was written and submitted by user Jazmyn Mendez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

tv culture essays

tv culture essays Recently one of the biggest corporations in the United States, Microsoft had to face several ultimatums from the government. The case against Microsoft was brought by the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as several state Attorneys General. Microsoft is accused of using and maintaining monopoly power to gain an unfair advantage in software market. The case has been under observation for a long time, but the Justice department is having trouble coming up with substantial evidence against Microsoft. Specifically, the Department must prove: That Microsoft has monopoly power and is using it to gain unfair leverage in the market. And that Microsoft has maintained this monopoly power through "predatory" actions. Many people feel that Microsoft is only taking advantage of its position in the market and using marketing strategies to attract new customers. They have chosen to implement a market development strategy to attract new customers, who are looking for a system that has Internet ca pability. Microsoft feels that by integrating their Internet Explorer web browser technology into Windows, they are only improving its functionality available to the customer. Some people, especially the judge, say that Microsoft began its "illegal" agenda when it began requiring PC manufacturers to sign a license agreement that said that, if they were going to have Windows preinstalled on their new systems, that the Windows Internet Explorer must also be installed. Although it is possible for consumers to install other browsers onto Windows and use them, critics say that Microsoft still has an unfair advantage. It also keeps other browser companies from being able to consult with PC manufacturers to put their browser on the PC from the beginning. When Netscape refused to bow before Microsoft, Microsoft decided to do everything in their power to limit the amount of resources that Netscape could access. T ...

FINAL EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FINAL EXAM - Essay Example These days a lot of weapons with large magazine capacities are available on the market. The gun models used for this most recent Aurora shooting have been revealed by the local police chief but it is claimed that talking about the gun model just happens to be a distraction as â€Å"when it comes to weaponry and mass shootings, the issue to focus on is magazine capacity† (Barrett). Now though the gun-control advocates might shift focus to call for controlling the large magazine capacity weapons at a national level, another sad bit is that it is quite tough to ensure that the names of all the emotionally and mentally sick people exist in the background-check system that one goes through when buying guns. However, laws should be passed to limit gun possession further as â€Å"unstable individuals should not have access to any kind of weapon† (Thornburgh). Concluding, this much becomes clear that the pattern of opening fire in a public place has not led to successful gun control policies which could be implemented nationally. Instead of obsessing about which gun models to confiscate and which to sell, focus should be shifted to the magazine capacity and identification of the mentally sick people. Barrett, Paul M. â€Å"After Aurora: Gun Control, One More Time.† BloombergBusinessweek. 20 Jul. 2012. Web. 14 Aug. 2012.

The Truth About Charlie (2002) Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Truth About Charlie (2002) - Movie Review Example What was more disturbing to her is the discovery of the idea that her husband had several identities, which made it more difficult to find out what had happened to her husband while she was away. She found several passports that belonged to her husband but with different identities. There was also missing $6 million. The police seemed convinced that Regina was involved in her husband’s murder but she was later notified that Charlie was a secret agent and was involved in many shady operations involving some dangerous people including Lola Jansco and Emil Zadapec. These individuals followed Regina to Paris believing that she knew where Charlie hid the money. This leads to the change in Regina’s life as it changes for the worse becoming dangerous. Joshua, an American that Regina met while she was at her vacation also arrived in Paris and seemed determined to help her solve the mystery. The editing of the film was done very well and the music has been integrated well in the film. The music can be said to be intense and varying but analytical. The sound effects offered all the information required according to different scenes and determined the

Delta air lines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Delta air lines - Case Study Example Three of the most important factors are innovation, quality and inventory reduction. Core values include: safety, high service quality and customer wants and needs. In order to improve logistics, the company is aimed to concentrate on doing business with other carriers which allow it to involve larger orders. Goals and objectives are aimed to improve its current position on the market and increase profitability. A continuum of resource sustainability is to compose resources and capabilities characterized by their durability and imitability. Financial goal is to increase sales and liquidity of business. The policy of safety adopted by airlines will be the main strategic criteria over the next years (Delta Airline News, 2006; Dove-Morse, 2004). Control of interest rates influences the extent of consumer credit and hence the size of an individual's budget, as will levels of taxation. During periods of high inflation the government should well introduce measures to control prices on flights. The main factor is that airline industry operates on the international arena and a major influence on price is the currency exchange rate which fluctuates according to the state of the economy. Increasing tariffs and quotas force carriers to find new ways to reduce transportation costs which lowing quality of their service. With profit margins collapsing, competitors are struggling to adjust. Unemployment rate is high in airline industry: approximately 7,4%. During the period of recession unemployment rate was doubled reducing buying capacity of potential market (Delta Air Lines.2006). Technological forces generate problem-solving inventions. Airline target is on average as dependent on reliable information technology as any other businesses. Improvements in cargo ships and handling equipment, increasing containerization, applications of IT to scheduling and controlling shipments and to customs procedures, new plains, and a host of other technological advances and innovations have reduced the costs of services and information. On the other hand, airline technology cost is one of the highest among other industries. The culture and structure of Apple develop over time and in response to a complex set of factors. Today, customer service in airlines relies on reputation and trustworthiness and this no less true in the new forms of system-service. In fields such as package delivery and money management, consumers are seeking indications that their risks will be minimised or eliminated. For these kinds of consumer acts, customer service plays an essential role in assuaging the fears of consumers by projecting an image of trustworthiness and expertise. Delta Airlines has competitors, but they do not have a great influence on the company's revenue. The presence of substitute services like trains, ships or automobiles transportation can lower service attractiveness and profitability as well as the price levels. The events of 11/09 and recent crashes of Boeing planes occurred these years reduce the attractiveness of airline industry. "The company has lost some $6.1 billion since the start of 2001 from its airline operations, according to First Call, which tracks corporate earnings"(Isidore, 2005). Many potential passengers prefer to use alternative transport even if it takes more time to get to the place of destination. In this case, the bargaining power of customers is crucial. In spite of the fact that

Analysis of Bacteria Strains: Phonotypical Tests

Analysis of Bacteria Strains: Phonotypical Tests Kunthavai Jeevananthan Bacterial Identification Aims: To analyse and identify 10 different strains of bacteria by conducting 19 different tests phonotypical tests. Bacteria also known as eubacteria are microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye but exist in virtually all environments in the world. Bacteria are classified as part of the Monera kingdom which includes archaebacteria and cyanobacteria. Most bacteria are pathogenic or disease causing however not all bacteria are harmful as there are a number of bacteria that can be found in the human body that have positive benefit to their hosts such as help digest food, secrete hormones, chemicals and vitamins required in cell metabolism and even fight off other harmful bacteria. Bacteria exist in various rod, spiral and spherical shapes and are more numerous than any other living organisms. It is important to be able to identify microorganisms in medical clinic in order to help selection of antibodies. Some pharmaceutical products are also made using bacteria therefore many unknown and unidentified bacteria may be useful in the clinical industries. The taxonomy or a particular bacterial c haracteristic can be used to identify similarities that show relationships with disease related descriptions (Janda and Abbott, 2002). Various laboratory tests have been developed that are based on the type of nutrients a bacterium can grow on, the kind of toxins or waste products they produce or how much variation in growth temperature they can tolerate and their morphology can be used to distinguish closely related strains of bacteria. Rapid test kits have also been developed to identify bacteria in the Enterobacteriaceae genera and other gram negative bacteria. Phonotypical approaches of identifying bacteria does not always provide sufficient information to set taxonomic boundaries between different species the repetition of some phenotypic characteristics make it difficult to separate them. Genotyping is however is more precise when it comes to differentiating bacteria within species that lead to the development of DNA hybridisation. This is a technique used measure the similarities in sequences between the DNA of an isolate and a known bacteria. Before conducting a phonotypical bacterial identification it is important to have a pure culture of the bacteria that needs to be identified so that all components of the cells have grown from a single cell and they are clones of one another also known as Holy Grail (Barrow and Feltham, 1993). The bacterial colonies formed for different types of bacteria have different cultural characteristics on agar plates known as colony morphology these include pigments, size edge, pattern, opacity and shine t herefore macroscopically examining the colonies of bacterial cultures is one of the first important tests in bacterial identification. There may be drawbacks in this technique as the visual interpretation can differ from person to person therefore it might not produce reliable results and also mutations in the bacteria strains occur all the time that may provide slightly different characteristics than normal making difficult or incorrect identification. A number of staining methods can be used to examine the cultures under a microscope such as negative staining which stains the background and leaves the cells clear so that the shape of the bacterial cells, presence of glistening capsule and presence of a diffusive extracellular substance (EPS) around the cell and the arrangement of cells can be determined. Differential staining is a test that divides bacteria into two large groups either gram negative or gram positive. Pink- red staining indicates gram negative bacteria and a blue purple staining shows gram positive bacteria cells. Unevenly stained clear surfaces can be formed on the surface of the bacterial cells during gram staining due to the presence of endospores that can be confirmed using spore stain. Acid fast staining is also used if cells appear long, slender and intertwined in order to confirm the presence of acid fast cells which are bacteria in the genera Mycobacteria and Nocardia that are resistant to gram staining. Oxidase, catalase and the ability of the culture to grow in anaerobic conditions are three tests that are conducted during the first steps of identification. Catalase test is to dip an inoculating needle coated with culture into a droplet of hydrogen peroxide and if the bacteria possesses a catalase enzyme it will breakdown the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen that effervesce to form foam. Catalase positive bacteria are usually aerobic while catalase negative bacteria are anaerobic. Cytochrome oxidase is another enzyme found normally in the electron transport chains of an aerobic bacteria and this is tested by adding an artificial substrate such as para amino dimethylaniline that will produce a dark red to black product when oxidised (Cullimore, 2000). Alongside these test the cultures can be tested on their abilities to grow under anaerobic conditions which can further divide them into 4 major groups; strictly aerobic, reduced concentrations of oxygen, both aerobic and anaero bic and strictly anaerobic bacteria. Urease synthesis, gelatin hydrolysis and citrate utilisation are tests that can be conducted to narrowly distinguish bacteria further to help identify their genera. Urease is produced the bacterial genera proteus, providentia and morgenella to break down urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia therefore it is a useful test to help distinguish these genera from other gram negative rods during identification. Urease test is carried out by incubating urea broth with samples of gram negative cultures. The presence of ammonia increases the pH hence turning the phenol red indicator to a pink-purple colour for a positive test (Harvey and Champe et al, 2001). The gelatin hydrolysis test identifies the ability of bacteria to produce gelatinases which can help identification of serratia and proteus. The citrate utilisation tests the ability of the bacteria to utilise citrate as its carbon and energy source used mostly to identify gram negative bacteria. Indole, methyl red- Voges- protease test and fermentation of glucose, sucrose and lactose are also test that are conducted to help assist with identification of bacteria. Indole test is preformed to test the ability of bacteria to breakdown amino acid tryptophan and produce indole that can be detected using Kovac’s reagent. This method is important in the identification of gram negative enterobacteria. Methyl red-Voges- Proskauer on the other hand are two tests that are conducted together as they both require the use of the same medium. The methyl red test identifies the ability of the bacteria to carry out mixed acid fermentations whereas the VP test determines whether the bacteria fermenting sugars via the butanediol pathway by testing for the by-product acetoin. These tests are also useful in differentiating between members of the enterobacteria such as E. coli (Wong, 2005). The ability of bacteria to ferment carbohydrates is also a way to discriminate them during identific ation as fewer bacteria are able to use disaccharides like lactose and sucrose as a source of energy. This can be detected by checking for release of gaseous by products and metabolic chemicals that are released during the process of oxidation and fermentation of sugars. These tests described in the context above were carried out under standard conditions and results were recorded. Results Table 1: shows test results for Colony Morphology for 10 unknown bacterial cultures A to J. Table 2: shows test results for 18 different bacterial identification tests for unknown cultures A to J. Urease, indole, citrate, oxidase, methyl red and Voges-Proskauer test were only carried out for gram negative strains of bacteria and the endospores were only tested for gram positive bacteria. Microphotographs showing cell morphologies and gram (+/-) strains for cultures C, D and F are shown in the appendix. For culture C it can be seen that the cells are arranged in â€Å"grape like† structures whereas C is arranged in packets of four. It can also be seen that culture F it can be seen that the cells were single and in chains. Discussion Organism A and B are both gram positive rods that gave positive results for anaerobic, catalase and endospores test however they can both be differentiated as organism B is brown in colour and a glucose fermenter whereas organism A is orange in colour and a non-glucose fermenter. Organism B was in a cooked meat liquid broth which also indicates that the bacterium maybe part of the Clostridium species that have a few pathogenic bacteria that are responsible for food poisoning and tetanus. Organism A is therefore Bacillus Cereus some bacterium in this species are harmless whereas others are pathogenic that may cause foodborne illnesses such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Organism C has the morphology of pale yellow cocci clusters arranged in packets of four. It is a gram positive bacterium that also shows positive results for glucose fermentation and the catalase test show characteristics of Staphylococcus species which include pathogenic bacteria that causes skin infections, pneum onia and food poisoning. Organism C appeared in clusters that were â€Å"grape like† and is also a gram positive cocci and has a positive result for catalase however it does not ferment carbohydrates but shows positive test results for their metabolic chemical produced and hereby conveying characteristics of Micrococcus species these bacteria are very rarely disease causing and if so some may cause chronic cutaneous infections (Breed and Murray, 1957). Organism E has a white flat mycelial morphology and it is a gram positive glucose fermenter therefore it is a part of the Streptomyces genera that are known to inhibit the soil and causes the common scab in root vegetables. Organism F is a clear gram negative rod bacterium that is glucose and lactose fermenter and produces metabolic chemicals for glucose, lactose. It also produced negative results for tests urease, gelatin, oxidase, Voges-Proskauer (VP) and indole however it showed positive results for catalase, citrate and methyl red and anaerobic tests as shown in figure 2. Analysing these results organism F can be identified as Escherichia coli that consist of many different strains some of which can cause urinary tract infections, diarrhoea, anaemia and even kidney failure. Organism G is a gram negative rod that produces metabolic chemicals for all three carbohydrates glucose, lactose and sucrose however bubbles were only present for lactose and sucrose. It also shows positive results for tests urease, indole anaerobic and VP but negative results for catalase, oxidase, gelatin and methyl red. Organism G showed similar results to organism F however unlike organism F it is urease positive therefore it can be a bacterium from the Proteus genera that also contain a few pathogenic bacteria that can cause urinary tract infections, kidney stones and cystitis. Organism H is only a glucose fermenter but does not produce any metabolic chemicals. It demonstrates positive test results for urease, gelatin, citrate, anaerobic catalase and oxidase but negative for both methyl red and VP as well as indole tests. It is possible that this bacterium maybe be a part of the Pseudomonas genera with different bacterial strains that may cause respiratory tract infections, dermatitis and bone and joint infections. Organism I is also a gram negative rod and had a clear pigmentation on an agar medium that is a glucose fermenter but however it produces metabolic chemicals for glucose, lactose and sucrose. It also produces positive results when being tested for citrate, anaerobic, catalase and methyl red but not for urease, gelatin, indole, oxidase and VP this indicates that organism I could be Salmonella typhimurium a pathogenic bacteria that causes gastroenteritis that leads to diarrhoea. Organism J is another gram negative bacterium that produces no bubbles for glucose, lactose or sucrose fermentation but produces metabolic chemicals for glucose and sucrose. It is also positive for gelatin, citrate, anaerobic, catalase and VP however it is negative for urease, indole, oxidase and methyl red tests. The red pigmentation of the bacterial culture and the other tests results indicates that organism J maybe Serratia marcescens that are associated with many different types of diseases some of which in clude bacteraemia, sepsis and meningitis. In order to conduct more specific identification of these bacteria further tests can be carried out that will help to distinguish each bacterium more accurately. Other tests that can be carried out include starch hydrolysis, lipid hydrolysis, motility (SIM) deeps, beta galactosidase, nitrate, coagulase, mannitol salt, osmotic pressure and haemolysis. References Barrow, G. I., Feltham, K. A. R. (1993). Crowan and Steel’s manual for the identification of medical bacteria: classification and nomenclature. 1-6. United Kingdom: Cambridge university press. Breed, R. S., Murray, G. D. E., Smith, N. R. (1957). Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. 695- 800. United States of America: Baltimore Williams and Wilkins co. Cullimore, D. R. (2000). Practical atlas for bacterial identification: initial stages of the identification of the bacterial culture. 1-7. United States of America: CRC press LLC; Harvey, R. A., Champe, P.C., Fisher, B.D. (2001). Microbiology: identification of bacteria. 24-27. United Stated of America: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Janda, J.M., Abbott, S. L. (2002). Bacterial identification for publication: when enough is enough? Journal of clinical microbiology. Vol. 40 no. 6, (1887-1891). Wong, T. (2005). Introduction to microbiology laboratory exercises for Allied Heath students: The IMViC tests. 48-50. United States of America: Author House. Appendix Culture C Culture D Culture F

Big D :: Personal Narrative Disabilites Papers

Big D A couple weeks ago, exactly four days after Christmas, I woke up thinking about my uncle Dennis. I loved him very much, but I have never woken up thinking about him. After a few minutes, I realized that three years ago, exactly four days after Christmas, was the day he died. My uncle Dennis was an unforgettable man. He had sparkling blue eyes and a sweet smile. When he laughed everyone else in the room couldn't help but join him. That's not what made him unforgettable, though. Dennis was tall, around 380 pounds, and anoxic; he had brain damage. He never learned to cook, ride a bike, or properly operate an appliance. He required 24-hour a day care from the time he was born until the day he died at age 40. This is not an exaggeration. If Dennis was awake and no one was around to stop him, he consistently caused trouble. Forty years ago, fetal heart monitors were not routinely used in the labor room. Today, a heart monitor aids in the detection of problems such as a pinched umbilical cord, which what caused Dennis's brain damage at birth. Because the pinched cord was not detected, a cesarean section was not performed, and Dennis entered the world mentally retarded because not enough oxygen reached his brain during the birthing process. The small part of the world he entered was Milwaukee. My grandparents had a house which has since been torn down and replaced by projects. In the early fifties about 60% of the residents were black. A large portion of the rest were immigrants. My grandparents were from northern Wisconsin. My grandfather was then working as a boilermaker engineer in a tannery downtown. In addition to staying with Dennis, my grandmother stayed at home with my Uncle Mike, 3; my mother, 2; and my Uncle Tom, 1. Four more children would soon follow. The youngest, Patrick, had Downs' Syndrome. Eleven cousins lived just down the block. A house of prostitution was across the street. Saturday was laundry day. The three older children would eventually be hired as babysitters for Dennis. On Saturdays they would keep an eye on Dennis and play in the backyard while my grandmother did the week's wash. At the end of the day the three young nannies got to split a dime between them at the grocery store on the corner.